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Introduction to Chemistry
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Matter and Its Classification
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Measurement of Physical Properties and Mole Concept
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Numericals on Mole Concept
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Uncertainty in Measurement
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Laws of Chemical Combination
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Avogadro's Law and Limiting Reagent
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Numericals on Limiting Reagent
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Dalton's Atomic Theory
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Atomic Mass and Molecular Mass
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Molecular Formula and Empirical Formula
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Numericals on Empirical Formula
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Ways to Express Concentration
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Numericals on Concentration Terms
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Practice Questions (Set 1)
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Practice Questions (Set 2)
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Introduction to Atomic Structure
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Discovery of Cathode Rays
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Discovery of Electrons
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Millikan's Oil Drop Experiment
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Discovery of Anode Rays
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Development of Atomic Model
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Atomic Number and Mass Number
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Wave Nature of Light
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Blackbody Radiation
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What Is Photoelectric Effect?
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Atomic Spectra
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Bohr's Atomic Model
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Energy Levels of Hydrogen Atom
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Explanation of Atomic Spectra
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Dual Nature of Matter
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Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
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Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom
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Quantum Numbers
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Shape of Orbitals
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Filling of Orbitals in Atom
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Understanding Electronic Configuration
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Practice Questions
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Introduction to Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
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Kössel-Lewis Approach to Chemical Bonding
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Formal Charges and Limitations of Octet Rule
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Kössel-Lewis Approach to Ionic Bonding
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Bond Parameters
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What Is Resonance?
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Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR) – 1
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Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR) – 2
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VSEPR Theory for Molecules With Lone Pairs – 1
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VSEPR Theory for Molecules With Lone Pairs – 2
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Valence Bond Theory
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Orbital Overlap Concept
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Understanding Hybridization
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Hybridization in Practice
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Hybridization Using d- Orbitals
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Dipole Moment
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Questions on Dipole Moment
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Fajan's Rules
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Questions on Bond Angle
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Molecular Orbital Theory
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Molecular Orbitals
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Molecules and Molecular Behaviour
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Electronic Configuration of Molecules
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Questions on Molecular Orbital Theory
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Hydrogen Bonding
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Practice Questions (Set 1)
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Practice Questions (Set 2)
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Introduction to Thermodynamics
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Different Types of System
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Different Types of Processes
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Adiabatic Expansion
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What Is Heat and Work?
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First Law of Thermodynamics
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What Is Heat Capacity?
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Isothermal Expansion
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Graphical Representation of Thermodynamic Processes
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Spontaneous and Non-spontaneous Processes
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What Is Entropy?
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The Second Law of Thermodynamics
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Gibbs Free Energy
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Relationship Between ΔGo and Keq
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The Enthalpy of Reaction
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The Enthalpy of Formation
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The Enthalpy of Combustion
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Enthalpy of Physical Processes
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Bond Enthalpy or Bond Energy
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Practice Questions (Set 1)
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Practice Questions (Set 2)
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Practice Questions (Set 3)
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Introduction to Equilibrium
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Equilibrium Involving Physical Processes
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Equilibrium Involving Dissolution of Solid or Gases in Liquids
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Introduction to Chemical Equilibrium
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Law of Chemical Equilibrium
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Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Equilibria
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Applications of Equilibrium Constant
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Significance of Gibbs Free Energy in Equilibrium
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Factors Affecting Equilibria (Part 1)
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Factors Affecting Equilibria (Part 2)
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Practice Questions on Chemical Equilibrium
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Introduction to Ionic Equilibrium
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Acids, Bases and Salts
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Ionization of Water
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The pH Scale
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Ionization of Acids and Bases
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Ionization of Weak Acids and Weak Bases
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Relationship Between Ka and Kb
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Practice Questions on Ionic Equilibrium (Set 1)
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Di- and Polybasic Acids and Di- and Polyacidic Bases
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Factors Affecting Acidic Strength
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The Common Ion Effect
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Hydrolysis of Salts and the pH of Their Solutions
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Buffer Solutions
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Solubility of Sparingly Soluble Salts and Solubility Product
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Common Ion Effect on Solubility of Ionic Salts
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Practice Questions on Ionic Equilibrium (Set 2)
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Practice Questions
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Introduction to the p-Block Elements (Group-13 and Group-14)
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Physical Properties of Group 13 Elements (Boron Family)
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Physical Properties of Group 14 Elements (Carbon Family)
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Chemical Properties of Group 13 Elements (Boron Family)
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Chemical Properties of Group 14 Elements (Carbon Family)
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Anomalous Behaviour of Boron and Its Important Compounds
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Anomalous Behaviour of Carbon and Its Important Compounds
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Allotropes of Carbon
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Important Compounds of Silicon
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Practice Questions (Set 1)
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Introduction to the p-Block Elements (Groups 15, 16, 17 and 18)
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Group-15 Elements
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Group-15 Elements – Physical Properties
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Group-15 Elements – Chemical Properties (Oxides)
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Group-15 Elements – Chemical Properties (Oxyacids and Halides)
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Group-15 Elements – Chemical Properties (Hydrides)
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Abnormal Behaviour of Nitrogen
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Preparation of Nitrogen
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Properties and Uses of Nitrogen
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Important Compounds of Nitrogen
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Manufacture of Ammonia (Haber Process and Cyanamide Process)
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Properties of Ammonia
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What Is Hydrazine?
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Hydrazoic Acid
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Oxoacids of Nitrogen
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Ostwald’s Process
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Properties of Nitric Acid
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All About Phosphorous
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What Is Phosphine?
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Halides of Phosphorous
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Oxoacids of Phosphorous (Part 1)
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Oxoacids of Phosphorous (Part 2)
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Oxoacids of Phosphorous (Part 3)
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The Oxygen Family
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Physical and Chemical Properties of the Oxygen Family
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Anomalous Behaviour of Oxygen
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Let’s Learn About Dioxygen
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What Are Simple Oxides?
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All About Ozone
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Allotropic Forms of Sulphur
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Sulphur Dioxide
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Oxoacids of Sulphur
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Sulphuric Acid
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Group-17 Elements – Introduction
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Group-17 Elements – Properties
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Let’s Study Chlorine and Hydrogen Chloride
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Oxoacids of Halogens
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Interhalogen Compounds
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Group-18 Elements – Introduction
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Group-18 Elements – Chemical Behaviour
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Practice Questions (Set 2)
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Practice Questions (Set 3)
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Organic Chemistry: The Origins
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Carbon and Its Compounds
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Organic Compounds in 3D and Their Classification
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Naming of Organic Compounds
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Naming of Branched Chain Alkanes
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Naming of Complex Substituents and Cycloalkanes
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Functional Groups
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Naming Benzene Compounds
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Isomerism and Its Types – 1
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Isomerism and Its Types – 2
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Questions on Isomerism
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Questions on Nomenclature
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Common Names and Homologous Series
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Reaction Mechanism
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Reaction Intermediates
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Attacking Reagents
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Electron Displacement Effects
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Resonance and Drawing Resonance Structures
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Energy of Resonance Structures
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Resonance Effect
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Hyperconjugation & Electromeric Effects
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Questions on Electronic Effects (Set 1)
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Questions on Electronic Effects (Set 2)
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Organic Reactions and Purification Techniques
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What Is Distillation?
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Distillation and Differential Extraction
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Understanding Chromatography
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Qualitative Analysis
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Quantitative Analysis
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Kjeldalh Method and Carius Method
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Estimation of S, P and O
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Practice Questions (Set 1)
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Practice Questions (Set 2)
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Introduction to Hydrocarbons
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Physical Properties of Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes
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Preparation of Alkanes (Part 1)
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Preparation of Alkanes (Part 2)
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Chemical Properties of Alkanes (Part 1) – Halogenation
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Chemical Properties of Alkanes (Part 2)
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Chemical Properties of Alkanes (Part 3)
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Conformations of Alkanes
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Preparation of Alkenes (Part 1)
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Preparation of Alkenes (Part 2)
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Chemical Properties of Alkenes (Part 1)
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Chemical Properties of Alkenes (Part 2)
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Chemical Properties of Alkenes (Part 3)
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Preparation of Alkynes
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Chemical Properties of Alkynes
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Introduction to Aromatic Hydrocarbons
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Preparation of Benzene
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Chemical Properties of Benzene
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Practice Questions
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The Solid State: Introduction
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The Crystalline and Amorphous Solids
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Crystalline Solids vs Amorphous Solids
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Ionic, Metallic and Covalent Solids
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The Molecular Solids
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The Space Lattice
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Classification of Lattices
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All About the Crystal System
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Z-Value Calculation
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Close Packing in 1D and 2D
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Close Packing in 3D
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Voids or Interstitial Sites
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The Calculation of d, a, r and Density
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The Packing Efficiency
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Different Structures of Crystals
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Stoichiometric Defects
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Non-Stoichiometric Defects
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Electrical Properties of Solids
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Magnetic Properties of Solids
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What Is Bragg's Law?
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Practice Questions
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Introduction to Solutions
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Strength of a Solution (Mass-Based)
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Strength of a Solution (Mole-Based)
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Numericals on Concentration
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Understanding Solubility
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Henry's Law
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Applications of Henry's Law
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Numericals on Henry's Law
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Vapour Pressure and Raoult's Law
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More About Raoult's Law
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Numericals on Raoult's Law
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Ideal Solutions and Non-ideal Solutions
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Positive and Negative Deviations From Raoult's Law
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What Are Azeotropes?
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Colligative Properties
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Relative Lowering of Vapour Pressure
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Elevation of Boiling Point
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Depressing of Freezing Point
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Osmotic Pressure
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Abnormal Colligative Properties and van't Hoff Factor
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Numericals on the van't Hoff Factor
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Practice Questions
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Introduction to Electrochemistry
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Electrochemical Cell
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Difference Between Electrolytic Cell and Galvanic Cell
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Salt Bridge
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Representation of an Electrochemical Cell
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Electrode Potential
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Standard Electrode Potential
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Measurement of Electrode Potential
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EMF of a Galvanic Cell
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Reference Electrodes
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Electrochemical Series
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Applications of Electrochemical Series (Part-1)
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Applications of Electrochemical Series (Part-2)
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The Nernst Equation
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Examples of the Nernst Equation
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Equilibrium Constant From the Nernst Equation
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Work Done and Heat of Reaction
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Numerical Discussion on the Nernst Equation
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Arrhenius Theory of Electrolytic Dissociation
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Electrolytic Conductance
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Equivalent Conductance and Molar Conductance
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Numericals on Conductance
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Measurement of Conductance
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Effect of Dilution on Equivalent Conductance
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Kohlrausch's Law
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Numericals on Kohlrausch's Law
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Theory of Weak Electrolytes
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Theory of Strong Electrolytes
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Conductometric Titrations
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Faraday's Law
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Products of Electrolysis
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Primary Battery
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Understanding Secondary Battery
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What Are Fuel Cells?
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All About Corrosion
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Practice Questions (Set 1)
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Practice Questions (Set 2)
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Practice Questions (Set 3)
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Practice Questions (Set 4)
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Introduction to Chemical Kinetics
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Rate of a Reaction
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Average and Instantaneous Rates
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General Rate Expression
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Numericals on Rate
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Rate Law
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Types of Reactions
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Factors Affecting Reaction Rate
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Order of a Reaction
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Rate Constant
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What Is Molecularity?
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Order vs Molecularity
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Numerical Problems on Rate Law – 1
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Numerical Problems on Rate Law – 2
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Integrated Zero-Order Rate Law
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Graphical Representations of Zero-Order Rate Law
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First-Order Integrated Rate Law
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Graphical Representations of First-Order Reactions
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Lifetimes of Zero-Order Reactions – 1
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Lifetimes of Zero-Order Reactions – 2
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Lifetimes of First-Order Reactions – 1
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Lifetimes of First-Order Reactions – 2
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Types of Zero-Order Reactions
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Types of First-Order Reactions – 1
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Types of First-Order Reactions – 2
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Types of First-Order Reactions – 3
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Second-Order and nth-Order Kinetics
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Rate Law of Complex Reactions
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Effect of Temperature on Rate – 1
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Effect of Temperature on Rate – 2
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Activation Energy in Action
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Collision Theory
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Practice Questions (Set 1)
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Practice Questions (Set 2)
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Practice Questions (Set 3)
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Introduction to Surface Chemistry
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Types of Adsorption
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Factors Affecting Adsorption
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Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm
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Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm
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Applications of Adsorption
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Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalyses
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Characteristics of Catalysis
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Enzyme Catalysis
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Mechanism of Enzyme Catalysis
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Introduction to Colloids
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Classification of Colloids (Part – 1)
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Classification of Colloids (Part – 2)
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Preparation of Colloids
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Purification of Colloids
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General Properties of Colloids
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Charge on Colloids and Electrophoresis
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Methods of Coagulation
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Emulsions, Gels and Nanomaterials
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Applications of Colloids
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Practice Questions
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Introduction to Coordination Compounds
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Werner’s Theory of Coordination Compounds
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Important Terms in Coordination Compounds (Part – 1)
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Important Terms in Coordination Compounds (Part – 2)
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Formulas of Mononuclear Coordination Entities
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Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds
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Practice Questions on Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds
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Structural Isomerism in Coordination Compounds
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Stereoisomerism in Coordination Compounds (Part – 1)
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Stereoisomerism in Coordination Compounds (Part – 2)
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Advanced Concepts in Isomerism of Coordination Compounds
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Practice Questions on Isomerism in Coordination Compounds
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Valence Bond Theory in Coordination Compounds
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Practice Questions on Valence Bond Theory
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Crystal Field Theory and Splitting in Octahedral and Tetrahedral Complexes
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Factors Affecting Crystal Field Splitting Energy
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Crystal Field Stabilisation Energy (CFSE)
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Practice Questions on Crystal Field Theory
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Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds
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Practice Questions on Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds
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Colour of Coordination Compounds
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Advanced Concepts in Colour of Coordination Compounds
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Practice Questions on Colour of Coordination Compounds
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Bonding in Metal Carbonyls
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Importance and Applications of Coordination Compounds
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Practice Questions
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The Carbonyl Compounds – Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
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Naming Carbonyl Compounds
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Preparing Aldehydes and Ketones – 1
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Preparing Aldehydes and Ketones – 2
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Preparing Only Aldehydes
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Preparing Only Ketones
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Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
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Chemical Reactivity of Aldehydes and Ketones
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Addition Elimination Reactions
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Partial Reduction Reactions
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Complete Reduction Reactions
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Oxidation Reactions
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Acidity of the Alpha Hydrogen
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Special Reactions – 1
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Special Reactions – 2
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Special Reactions – 3
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Preparing Carboxylic Acids by Oxidation Reactions
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Preparing Carboxylic Acids by Step-Up and Step-Down Reactions
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Preparing Carboxylic Acids by Hydrolysis of Acid Derivatives
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Properties of Carboxylic Acids
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Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
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Effect of Substituents on Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
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Reactions of Carboxylic Acids – 1
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Reactions of Carboxylic Acids – 2
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Reactions of Carboxylic Acids – 3
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Uses of Carbonyl Compounds
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Practice Questions (Set 1)
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Practice Questions (Set 2)
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Practice Questions (Set 3)
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Practice Questions (Set 4)
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Introduction to Chemistry in Everyday Life
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Drugs in Action
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Therapeutic Action of Drugs: Antacids and Antihistamines
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Neurologically Active Drugs
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Antimicrobial Drugs: Antibiotics
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Antiseptics, Disinfectants and Antifertility Drugs
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Chemicals in Food
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Preservatives and Antioxidants
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Cleansing Agents: Soaps
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Cleansing Agents: Synthetic Detergents – 1
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Cleansing Agents: Synthetic Detergents – 2
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Dyes: The Colours of Chemistry – I
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Dyes: The Colours of Chemistry – II
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Practice Questions (Set 1)
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Practice Questions (Set 2)
Ask Your Doubts